A.
Definition and Significance of Learning
1
. Definition of Learning
Understanding
Learning According to Experts
According to Winkel ,
Learning is all mental or psychic activity that takes place in an active
interaction with the environment , which results in changes in the management
of understanding .
According to Ernest R.
Hilgard in ( Sumardi Suryabrata , 1984:252 ) learning is a process of
deliberate action , which then lead to the change , which was different from
the changes brought about by the other .
The nature of the
changes are relatively permanent , will not return to its original state . Can
not be applied to change due to momentary situations , such as changes due to
fatigue , illness , drunk , and so on .
While Understanding
Learning by Gagne in his book The Conditions of Learning , 1977 , a similar
study demonstrated changes in behavioral changes , which keadaaannya different
from before individuals are in a learning situation and after such actions .
Changes are the result of an experience or training . In contrast to the
changes immediately due to reflex or instinctive behavior .
Moh . Surya ( 1981:32 )
, the definition of a process of learning is an individual effort to obtain a
new behavior change overall , as a result of the individual's own experience in
interaction with the environment . The conclusion that can be drawn from the
second definition above , that in principle , learning is a change of one's
self .
From some of the above
study it can be concluded that all mental or psychic activity undertaken by a
person , causing behavioral changes after different between study and prior
learning .
2
. Importance Learning
Learning is an attempt
to gain intelligence or science , but it can also mean learning to practice .
In other words belajarberarti changes in behavior or responses are caused by
the experience . The change of behavior may not be able to do something to do something
called " LEARN "
In any religious
perspective ( in this case Islam ) , learning is an obligation for every Muslim
in order to acquire knowledge so that the degree of increased life.
B.
Learning Objectives
Among some of the learning objectives are as follows
: ( Sadirman , 2008:28 )
1 . To gain knowledge
It is characterized by the ability to think .
Ownership of knowledge and the ability to think as inseparable . In other
words, can not develop the ability to think without the knowledge of materials
, otherwise the ability to think will enrich knowledge . The aim is that having
a greater tendency in its development in learning activities . In this case the
role of the teacher as the teacher is more prominent .
2 . Planting concepts and skills
Planting concept or formulate concepts , also
requires a skill . Skills that students can indeed , by many training
capabilities .
3 . Formation of attitudes
In growing mental attitude , behavior and personal
protégé , the teacher must be wise and careful in pendekatanya . The skills
required for direct motives and thinking by not forgetting the teacher 's own
personal use as an example .
C.
Factors that affect learning
The factors that affect children's learning can be
divided into two general categories: ( Slamet , 1996:34 )
1 . Factor derived from the child
a. Physiological factors are factors that include
physical child . Is the child healthy , unhealthy ( sick ) ?
b . Factors psychology is a factor which includes
the spiritual activity that encourages children to learn . This effect on : the
level of intelligence , motivation to learn , socio-economic , socio-cultural
and others.
2 . Factors that originate outside the child
a. Non- social factors include the state of the air
; time ( morning ; afternoon and evening ) , the place and the tools used in
the study .
b . Social factors which include educators ,
teaching methods .
D.
Bibliography
Sardiman . , 2008. Interaction Learning and
Motivation . Jakarta : Rajawali Press .
Slamet. , 1996. Studying and Factors Affecting .
Jakarta : Rineka Reserved .
The Shah , M. 2013. Psychological Education .
Jakarta : PT . Teens Rosdakarya .
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